Victor Frankenstein Essay example -- Literary Analysis, Mary Shelley

The wise Uncle Ben once told Peter Parker, remember, with great reason. Comes great responsibility. There is no greater power than that acquired by the infamous Victor Frankenstein in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein when he discovers the secret to creating life. Shelleys Frankenstein is a tale of creation that depicts acts of human conception and discovery. The Oxford English Dictionary defines creation as the follow out or process of bringing something into existence from nothing by divine or natural agency the fact of being so created. It defies the natural order of battle of things and creates a world of its own. The multiple acts of creation and discovery bring upon a certain set of responsibilities and implications as depicted by David Collings who analyzes the responsibilities that come as a result of these acts in his essay The Monster and the Maternal Thing Mary Shelleys Critique of Ideology. The main act of creation is evident by Victor Frankensteins creation of the Being wh ich is depicted most prominently in the novel. However, there are multiple other acts of creation and discovery that whitethorn not be apparent at first sight. One of the most important being, Victors discovery of the knowledge required to create life. isolated from initially creating the Being, Victor also plays a critical role in the Beings evolution into a raging and vengeful creature. Perhaps above all other acts of creation and discovery is Victors personal creation of himself into a monster. As stated by Collings most of these acts of creation on Victors part are subconsciously brought upon because of their lack of a maternal figure but also in part because of his desire for fame and glory. However, he is blinded by his motives and forgets that with his... ...eatures. Victor Frankenstein is given this power when he discovers the secret to reanimating dead remains, by which he creates the Being we have all come to bode Frankenstein. In her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley depicts this amazing power and the change it causes in not only Victors life but in the world. along the way the young Victor Frankenstein creates more than what he initially believed but his greed and vanity shield him from recognizing the responsibilities and implications that arise, all of which are analyzed the by David Collings in his essay The Monster and the Maternal Thing Mary Shelleys Critique of Ideology. As Uncle Ben once told Peter Parker remember, with great power. Comes great responsibility. Victor acquired great power but disregarded all responsibilities that resulted out of his creations, therefore creating himself as a monster.

Toms Escape Essay -- Essays Papers

Toms EscapeIn The Glass Menagerie, Tom Wingfield is perhaps the almost prominent character. He is burdened with not only being a main character of the play but the narrator as well. He is precondition the unenviable task of being the voice of reason in the Wingfield house. Almost every action of his reveals an important detail about his personality and motivation. Toms personality can be divided into two main parts. The first give(s)truth in the pleasant disguise of illusion and speaks in vague inside information while the other side speaks bluntly and leaves no room for misinterpretation. Both parts are vital to Tom as a character since they immortalize that he is a true three-dimensional character rather than a simple representation of a single idea. His motivation appears to change throughout the play. At times he acts out of his feelings of love and responsibility to his family while at other times he is driven by his sense of adventure. Toms personality traits reveal a great deal about his motivation and reasoning for his actions.The many traits of Toms personality are what drive him to his actions in the play. His sense of responsibility to Amanda and Laura are the sole reason he works at a job where he makes a slave of himselffor sixty-five dollars a month. His desire for adventure in his everyday life is what compels him to go to the movies every night and join the merchant marines. His need for adventure is so great that he is willing to leave his family behi...

Dams :: essays research papers

Many passel havealready dammed a small menstruum using sticks andmud by the eon they become adults. Humanshave used dams since early civilization, becausefour-thousand years ago they became aware thatfloods and droughts affected their well-being andso they began to build dams to protect themselvesfrom these effects.1 The basic principles of dams remedy apply today as they did before a dam mustprevent water from being passed. Since then,people have been continuing to build and double-dyed(a)these structures, not knowing the full intensity oftheir side effects. The hindering effects of dams onhumans and their environment heavily outweigh thebeneficial ones. The paragraphs below leave provethat the construction and presence of dams alwayshas and will continue to leave devastating effectson the environment around them. Firstly, tounderstand the thesis people must know whatdams are. A dam is a barrier built across a watercourse to feed back or cut back water flow. Damsare classifi ed as either storage, diversion ordetention. As you could probably notice from itsname, storage dams are created to collect or holdwater for periods of time when there is a surplussupply. The water is then used when there is alack of supply. For example many small dams prehend water in the spring, for use in the summerdry months. Storage dams also supply a watersupply, or an improved habitat for lean and wildlifethey may store water for hydroelectricity as well.2A diversion dam is a generation of a commonlyconstructed dam which is built to provide comfortablewater pressure for pushing water into ditches,canals or other systems. These dams, which arenormally shorter than storage dams are used forirrigation developments and for diversion the ofwater from a stream to a reservoir. Diversiondams are mainly built to lessen the effects of floodsand to trap sediment.3 Overflow dams aredesigned to carry water which flow over thiercrests, because of this they must be made ofmaterials which do not erode. Non- overflowdams are built not to be overtopped, and they mayinclude earth or throw off in their body. Often, twotypes of these dams are combined to form acomposite structure consisting of for example anoverflow concrete gravity dam, the water thatoverflows into dikes of earthfill construction.4 Adams principal(a) function is to trap water forirrigation. Dams help to decrease the severity ofdroughts, increase agricultural production, andcreate new worlds for agricultural use. Farmland,however, has its price river bottomlands flooded,defacing the fertility of the soil. This agriculturalland may also result in a loss of natural artifacts.Recently in Tasmania where has been pressure

Essay --

Many students believe that a historians wrinkle is only to understand the past likewise they believe that a pitying scientists job is solely to change the future. However, as a knower, I now comprehend that there is much more than to these jobs than meets the eyes. I believe that these job definitions only describe the mere superficial part of the job, that there is a lot more to being a historian or a human scientist then just one simple task. However with these job definitions, that society has partn, are umpteen complex questions on how we accumulate knowledge on trustworthy issues, these questions are known as knowledge issues. Some of the knowledge issues included in the job definitions are Could history be seen as a daily round? To what extent can a historian understand the past? Do human scientists invent new ideas and theories or do they reinforce past paradigms? In what ways do the human sciences contribute to the future? In order to answer these questions I have de cided to examine historians and human scientists in toll of how they engage the past and the future. There are many people who claim they have the true history these types of people are known as historians. In this case my definition of historian is an expert in the study of history, especially in that of a particular period, region, or social phenomenon. There are many different kinds of historians ranging from economics to environmental, and even to, urban. However in history, which we want to focus on, we have orthodox, revisionist, post-revisionist and many more. One may ask himself why there are so many different historians if there was but only ONE true accurate history. This is because history is full of gaps which the historians TRY to fill with their ow... ...ut does not give an explanation. On the other hand I define law as a concept that shows the direction of movement of a variable and gives a true explanation for the movement. Additionally human scientist may confus e a correlation with a casual connection. The transcendentalist poet Wystan Hugh Auden once said, There is more than meets the eye. These idea of concepts being more complex then they seem surround the jobs of historians and human scientists. The historian doesnt simply understand the past for knowledge but also for the benefit that comes from it, such(prenominal) as to better understand the present and supply guidance for the future In history lie all the secrets of statecraft. Likewise, human scientist attempt to inform and understand trends of human behavior however, this is only achieved by examining the past the gain a comprehension on the subject.

Dear Skooter :: Arthur Koestler Music Creativity Essays

Dear Skooter, How is it going? It seems to be an eternity since I last talked to you. As for me I am over here at MIT working from sunup to sunset. There is little time for fun anymore and I seem to have lost my superstar of the little pleasures in life. That is what MIT will do for you. Well enough said about me, what about you? How is the band doing? Iremember last time I saw you guys performing was at the senior field day. You guys did great by the way. I miss the old days when we utilise to jam out, out in the garage with you playing the guitar and me beating away at the drums. Hard to believe that I enjoyed playing music so much that I havent touched a drumstick over here at MIT since I left in June. On another note it may seem a surprise but I thought of writing to you because the other day I came across a short essay by Arthur Koestler discussing creative thinking and the terzetto domains that compose it the Haha, the Aha and Ah... . At beginning(a) I thought his theor ies could not relate to a musician because I mean what performing music has to do with laughing and crying. But as I fmished reading it, it seemed to make sense when I thought of what goes on when you perform on stage. In his essay Koestler introduces a new theory that describes the three domains of creativity that he discusses artistic originality, scientific discovery, and ludicrousinspiration. To better understand the domains he paired each one up with a reaction comic inspiration - Haha, scientific discovery Aha, and finally artistic originality Ah... Before I further dwell into describing his ideas we need to establish a term commonly used by Koestler in his essay, which is bisociation. In bisociation, two or more different frames of reference are combined to coexist on several planes at once. The three reactions follow no set sequence, the Haha is caused by the collision of the bisociated contexts, and the Aha feeling can be associated with the word eureka who signals t heir fusion into a solution with truth to it and the Ah... reactions signals an emotion brought on by an artist focusing on beauty. Do you see what I mean by not having understood what it has to do with creativity?

Dear Skooter :: Arthur Koestler Music Creativity Essays

Dear Skooter, How is it going? It seems to be an eternity since I last talked to you. As for me I am over here at MIT working from sunup to sunset. There is little measure for fun anymore and I seem to have wooly-minded my sense of the little pleasures in life. That is what MIT will do for you. Well enough said abtaboo me, what about you? How is the band doing? Iremember last time I saw you guys performing was at the senior field day. You guys did great by the way. I miss the old days when we used to jam out, out in the garage with you playing the guitar and me beating away at the drums. Hard to believe that I enjoyed playing music so much that I havent fey a drumstick over here at MIT since I left in June. On another note it may seem a surprise tho I thought of writing to you because the other day I came across a short essay by Arthur Koestler discussing creative thinking and the triad domains that compose it the Haha, the Aha and Ah... . At first I thought his theories cou ld not relate to a musician because I mean what performing music has to do with laughing and crying. But as I fmished reading it, it seemed to make sense when I thought of what goes on when you perform on stage. In his essay Koestler introduces a new theory that describes the three domains of creativity that he discusses artistic originality, scientific discovery, and comicinspiration. To better understand the domains he paired each one up with a answer comic inspiration - Haha, scientific discovery Aha, and finally artistic originality Ah... Before I further dwell into describing his ideas we need to establish a term normally used by Koestler in his essay, which is bisociation. In bisociation, two or more different frames of reference are combined to coexist on several planes at once. The three reactions follow no set sequence, the Haha is caused by the collision of the bisociated contexts, and the Aha feeling can be associated with the word eureka who signals their fusion i nto a solution with right to it and the Ah... reactions signals an emotion brought on by an artist focusing on beauty. Do you see what I mean by not having understood what it has to do with creativity?

hjty Essay

Cape Management Of Business Unit Two Internal Assessment Cached ram Cape Management Of Business Unit Two Internal Assessment Essays and Term Papers Form MOB 1 2 Caribbean Examinations Councilwww.cxc.org/SiteAssets/CAPE_Management_of_Business_Unit form throng 1 2 caribbean examinations council advanced proficiency examinations guidelines for submitting internal assessment for oversight of business Manual for Principals Caribbean Examinations Council www.cxc.org/SiteAssets/CAPE_2010_IA_Manual_Forcaribbean examinations council internal assessment manual for principals caribbean advanced proficiency examinations (cape) 2010 warning of Cape Internal Assessment Docstoc.comwww.docstoc.com//Sample-of-Cape-Internal-Assessment Cached Sample of Cape Internal Assessment document sample. Small Business Management TYPE OF ASSIGNMENT ONE research project of between 2,000 2,500 Management of Business for CAPE Unit 1 (Caribbean www.amazon.com/Management-Business-CAPE-Unit-Caribbean/ Ca ched Management of Business for CAPE Unit 1 (Caribbean) Peter Stimpson, Kathleen Singh as well as an internal assessment component. Customers Who Sample of internal assessment for IB Business and Management answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid= CachedSample of internal assessment for IB Business and Management Studies, anyone? IB math Studies Internal Assessment (SL)? Business and management IB? Management of Business Internal Assessmentwww.docstoc.com/docs/111206961/Management-of-Business Cached Internal Assessment Report Business Management Sector jury or SSC Business Education The purpose of this report is to provide feedback to METRO RAIL STRATEGY Metrorail Western Capewww.capemetrorail.co.za/Strategic_Management/Business CachedPresent the Cape Metrorail management team as an Ongoing risk assessments Transforming labour relationship from Union to internal business Business Management Internal Assessment The Student inhabit www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php? t=333533 Cached Business Management Internal Assessment. Tweet. Announcements Posted on Does the Business and Management IA have to include a lot of primary research?promotional Results For You

Honda City Marketing Research

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The project in its present form and state would not stick been asser duck had it not been for the able guidance and support of Prof. Sandip Anand whom we always looked up to, when faced with every(prenominal) difficulty and commit disturbed him at all times and hours. We would besides give care to thank our seniors and classmates who provided us with references required for collection of entropy. No research would be successful, with off the active involvement of the respondents and we take this opportunity to thank our various(a) respondents for having patiently filled our response sheet.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND The first automobile was steam force outed vehicle invented in 1672. Since the first railroad car rolled step up on the streets of Mumbai (then Bombay) in 1898, the Automobile Industry of India has come a long way. During its early stages the auto industry was overlooked by the then Government and the policies were withal not favorable. As a r esult automobiles were not a common sight. However with liberalization policy adopted y the GOI, significant changes cause been made. Today, India is integrity of the largest merchandises for automobiles in the world.Our research is concerned with the sedans. A sedan car or saloon car (British English) is a passenger car with two rows of seats and able passenger space in the rear compartment for adult passengers. The vehicle usually has a separate rear trunk for luggage, although any(prenominal) manufacturers such(prenominal) as Chevrolet, Tata, and Volkswagen have made rear-engined models. It is wholeness of the most common body styles for modern automobile LITERATURE REVIEW We studied some current literature and news reports in stock(predicate) on the growing middle atom sedan commercialise in India.T present is a huge shift that is currently happening as distant the car market is concerned. Companies ar now starting to believe in the India Growth Story, and changing their focus to lure high spenders and plurality who ar connoisseurs of luxury and premium cars. All companies have either entered or planning to enter this separate. Some of the latest reports from the executives (or the company) of some of the leading players in the market atomic number 18 as mentioned below. Speaking to Business Standard, Fumihiko Ike, chief operating officer of regional operations,Asia Oceania, Honda Motor Company, said There depart be multiple models coming out of the subaltern car platform after its launch in 2011. We will explore a sedan, too, apply the same platform to make maximum routine of our re artificial lakes. While Japans third largest auto company, Nissan, had stated earlier that it would in any case pull out a mid- coatd sedan from the small five-seater car that it would launch this May. Toyota Kirloskar Motors will be launching a sedan based on the concept compact model, which it had showcased at the recent Auto Expo held in Delhi.Compan y officials decline to snitch the targeted price, just state it will be available in the same mental image as the Swift Dzire, which is Rs 4. 90-5. 5 lakhs. Czech-based car maker Skoda Auto is too working on a car which it is keen on positioning below the Octavia, a premium car sold above Rs 10 lakhs. Thus, this field presents a huge marketing opportunity for companies and so is an exciting subject for study as well. CATEGORY The soils this study would cover ar Ford Fiesta, Maruti Suzuki SX4, Hyundai Verna, revise Linea and Honda urban center.Research Methodology Prime focus of the research To find the repute positioning of Honda city among the mid constituent sedans. Target Group Since we were studying the mid and the premium segments there are three groups that we targeted in our study Existing consumer who buy cars. Probable consumers who can convert into active consumers into near future. Consumers who shall be converting into such category in distant future. We basi cally studied the following(a) categories of citizenry for our abridgment Working professionalsYouths in the age group of 25-40 with high disposable income Students and opposite(a) youth some to join service or start up on their own First twelvemonth students of XIMB were also considered for the study Methodology The attack of this study was to cover the growth of the premium segment watches as a lifestyle statement, the coverage included quantifying or finding the strong and the weak attri stilles that pursues the gross sales of these watches hence the methodologies utilise are Focus Group Discussions (2) In-depth InterviewsSurvey methodology (Sample surface = hundred and one) While the group observation and discussion helped us to identify the soft aspect of the study at length the survey methodology helped us to reach to a various inferences related to percentage of people preferring the sedans, the primary drivers for the various mid segment sedans, the strengths and weaknesses of the blots, random make out of snitchs etc. which is discussed in expand in the report at a later part. Process Since we are targeting such diverse consumer group our survey has to extend beyond regional level.The focus of our survey shall be Pan India Survey Respondents from metros- Prime target study miniskirt metros Class 1 towns Online questionnaire We used this as our method for collecting data so as to reach clients from all possible segments and various cities. Sampling The handed-down sampling approach, i. e. the test was selected before data collection began and sampling without replacement was performed. The following techniques were used Sampling Technique The traditional sampling approach was used, i. e. he sample was selected before data collection began and sampling without replacement was performed. The following techniques were used For the qualitative synopsis, i. e. in-depth interviews and focus groups discussion, subjects were selected based on the attributes and the parameters for buying the mid segment sedans mostly from students and working population. For the quantitative analysis, snowball sampling was adopted. Recent buyers helped to send the questionnaire to some other people who were passionate most mid segment sedans.Sample Size Around 150 people were included in the study with the following rough breakup. Around 10 people for the focus group discussions and the in-depth interviews (Qualitative Analysis) Around 101 people for the Sample survey (Quantitative Analysis) Aspiring groups comprising of students, young working people and executives were considered. Variables Dependent Variable Independent Variables Now we have a look at the various independent variable stars that in turn have helped us to decide the preference of a cross mid segment sedan.Affordable Price Whenever customers go to buy a car, some of them may have a particular budget in their thought while some may be automatic to spend any amount . Many a times it happens that a customer goes to a showroom and asks the dealer to show cars with a particular price range while at times they are volition to spend any amount if they like a particular car. Hence this variable helps us in at a lower placestanding the attitude of customers with respect to the price they are willing to spend when they go to purchase cars especially in the segment of 5 lakhs to 12 lakhs.This variable also helps us to understand very important divisors like whether the customer is willing to compensate feeling to save cost because if he is not willing to spend much(prenominal) if he is getting a better quality car in a price beyond his budget then it shows that the customer is strictly limited by his price range while do the purchase. Comfort Comfort is one of the important aspects while deciding on the filling of cars. When a customer is willing to pay any amount over 5 lakhs for a sedan that center he or she is expression for a car which p rovides good comfort.Comfort in a broader aspect touches upon the experience of a customer when he or she is travelling in car. Sufficient ramification space, seats and a good shock absorbing system are quintessential in determining the comfort of a car. Interior and Exterior looks esthetics and looks are always an important criteria for purchasing a car. Sedans are typically considered as mid segment cars because of its sea captain exterior looks and good interiors. This variable helps us to determine whether people consider exterior and interior looks as one of the defining criterion while going for a sedan.Safety and additional Features With ontogeny in the options available in the market, many a time customers may want to look for additional features being offered in different mid segment cars. Air bags, power steering, alloy wheels, music player, central locking and multiple colour options are various other additional features which customer are looking for when they purch ase a car. This variable will face us an idea as to how much priority a customer gives to these features. Mileage Middle and focal ratio middle class people always look out for a car which has a good fuel consumption rate.As fuel prices are increasing year after year, mileage has definitely been a governing criterion for all car takers. This variable will help us measure the importance of mileage as one of the deciding parameters. Power One of the most important features of a mid segment sedan is the power. There is a substantial affix in power from the small cars thereby giving much pick up and st tycoon in the long run. This variable will help us to determine whether people perceive power as a criterion to select a sedan or not.After-Sales Service Possessing a good car does not solve ones purpose. Customers are looking for cars which not only are affordable, give good mileage but also which have good after sales service. Therefore, after sales service is very important in todays competitive environment. This variable will give us an idea how important is after sales service when customers go for a particular brand. Status Symbol India has been growing at a fairly fast rate which eventually has raised the per capita income. With the growth in income people have become more conscious about the kind of cars they possess.Therefore, status sign is an important parameter when we go for a particular brand. This variable will tell us whether status symbol is one of the criteria to go for a particular brand. In addition to the above independent variables we have also gathered some demographic data of the people so that we can have a better understanding of the pattern of preference of people coming from different locations, belonging to different age group, having different annual incomes etc. Some of these demographic variables are listed below Name Name of the respondentGender To find out the gender of the respondent Occupation To find out the current j ob of the respondent Household Income per annum To find the income group to which the respondent belongs. Price willing to pay for a sedan To find out the price range which respondents are comfortable while going for a sedan. Qualitative Analysis Qualitative Analysis was carried out using focus group discussions to generate hypothesis about purchase decision of a car for people and how different factor ins affect their decision. Qualitative analysis will be helpful for getting a detail insight into the problem.Focus Group Discussions Honda City has been regarded as a prestigious brand in India since its launch in 1998. It maintains a significant market share in its class and enjoys a very high level of popularity. The luxurious sedan has a lot to offer to its potential buyers- new engine, new design, more grandeur, increased cabin space, and of course top notch performance. Objectives To find out the perception of people about Honda City among the mid segment cars in name of facto rs that affect the purchasing behaviour of customers.They are factors like textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item textlist-item To check the status of Honda City as compared to its competitors like Verna, Ford Fiesta and Linea in the sedan segment of cars. Target Population Young Professionals in the age group of 22-35 years. Users of Honda City and users of other brands Non users of cars Students with no work experience and others with substantial work experience of 2-4 years. Content AnalysisTable 1 CONCLUSION BASED ON QUALITATIVE FINDINGS From the overall Qualitative Analysis, it seems that customers of premium watches are very conscious and careful buyers. For them the most important features are the Quality of the watch and are very particular about its Performance as well. They view it as a strong status symbol and an accessory, which adds to their personality. Also, people these days lay a lot of stress on the additional features like Embedded Jewellery, chronographs etc Quantitative AnalysisQuantitative data analysis has been done in the following way. An Excel Analysis of the demographic profile was done first to understand the respondents background and to check the general attributes of the respondents. Then the Factor Analysis was done, the result of which has been explained below. Then the top 2 boxes ground levels were canvas for various attributes based on respondent profiles. Then Jaccard Analysis was done to find out the primary drivers for the mid-segment car category. It was followed by stochastic share analysis and rise analysis.Then cross tabulation was done to measure Brand Preference with the top 2 boxes for all the important attributes. This is how an extensive quantitative analysis for our research was done. Demographic profile of the respondents Gender Profile campaignframe The gender profile of the respondent base is tilted towards the male category as they constitute 76% of the tota l base. Age Profile drawframe Occupation drawframe Of the total number of people surveyed, the service and self employed categories almost constitute 50% of the responses.All the respondents provided their employment status within these three categories and nobody opted for the Others category which was provided. A lot of respondents were from our institute making the student population half of the total responses. Students make the aspiring group and also form an important part for the emerging market. meat Household Income drawframe Pilot Testing Initially a questionnaire was developed as per the requirements of the research proposal. This questionnaire was subject to pilot testing to find out the errors in it if any as per the attitude of the people.To find out if any question is confusing or not conveying the intended meaning it was done. For this we selected around 15 people according to the sample needed for the study. These people were asked to fill up the questionnaire. We noted down any possible problem that these respondents faced while filling up the questionnaire. After this we worked on such problems found out and the suggestions from these respondents with respect to the questionnaire. Some questions those were conveying double meaning or creating confusion was omitted from the questionnaire.This edited questionnaire was then used as the final questionnaire and then the study was carried out. Bi-Variate Analysis Total Household Income Vs Amount Willing to Spend on a Sedan It can be inferred from the above figures that the people want to own a car mostly in the range of annual salary they earn. But majority of the people are willing to buy a car in the range of Rs. 5-7 lakh. It is interesting to find that a very few people want to buy a sedan in the range of above Rs. 12 lakh among the first four income groups. Still people having income below Rs. lakh have shown interest in buying such a sedan possibly due to aspirational reason. Total Househol d Income Vs Preference of Respondents for Various Brands It can be observed that for those people earning less(prenominal) than Rs. 300000, there is not much difference between the preferences for the different brands. Nonetheless, Honda City and Ford Fiesta are the winners with equal percentage of fan following. In the high categories of total household incomes, it can be inferred that Honda City has a pull in cut upper hand over the other brands. Only Suzuki SX4 comes close to it in some cases.This shows that people with higher earnings definitely would like to choose City over other granted brands in the mid segment category. lot with lower incomes are open to any brand FACTORING Factor analysis is a data reduction technique that aims at grouping the enter signal variables, which have dependency with each other, into factors that underlie the input variables. Initially the total number of factors in the factor analysis is equal to the total number of input variables. But af ter the factor analysis the total number of variables in the study can be reduced by discarding the insignificant factors based on certain criterion.We have performed factor analysis on all the questions that we had in our questionnaire treating each one as an independent variable. The extraction method chosen for factor analysis was Principal Component matrix. This is the most popular technique for factor analysis, which determines loadings of variables on different factors by using the standard normal values of the observations of the legitimate input variables. The rotation method used is Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. We have given the SPSS output as a separate attachment with the report.Extraction communalities are the variances of the variables accounted for by the factors in the factor solution. Large values of communality of all the variables indicate that they fit well with the factor solution, and thus should not be dropped from the analysis. Clearly all the fifty-two variables have fairly high value of extraction communality and thus should not be dropped from the factor analysis. anklebone plot is the curve obtained by plotting Eigen values against their corresponding factors. The eigen value of a factor captures the variation in all the variables captured by it.The Scree plot above clearly shows that the slope of the curve falls after the 15th factor and also eigenvalue drops below Due to these only fifteen factors are taken into consideration. The total variance table also gives the details of the fifteen variables of the calculate output. The second column indicates that there are 15 factors for which Eigen value is greater than 1. The last column cumulative % gives the percent of variance accounted for by all factors or components up to and including the current one. The fifteenth factor has a value of 82. , which indicates that all the fifteen factors till the current one total account for 82. 6% of variance. The following intelligibl e variables were used for factor analysis Price on mind while buying Price is the deciding factor Japanese cars of superior quality Warranty important Spare parts accessibility Serviceability Engine life After sales value Additional features 10. Mileage 11. Engine power 12. Performance feedback 13. Status symbol 14. Uniqueness 15. Investment source 16. Superior functionality of premium cars 17. Necessity 18. Affordability reduces attractiveness 9. Perceived as successful by colleagues when cause premium cars 20. Great interior and exterior looks KMO and bartlett pears Test KMO test indicates if the sample size is adequate with respect to number of variables being considered. 0. 815 indicates that the sample size is adequate. We can also reach the same conclusion by multiplying the number of manifest variables by 5, which is 100 (=205) and that is less than 101, the sample size. Bartletts test has a chi square distribution and if significance is greater than 0. 1, then data is unim odal.But the high significance level here shows that the data collected is not skewed and has more or less a uniform distribution. Communalities Total Variance Eigen cut-off value has been personate to one here. As we can see in the appendix attached, there are four factors which explain 60. 97% of total variance. drawframe Screen Plot Scree plot shows how the Eigen value varies across factors. The points above the Eigen value of 1 in the scree plot constitute the factors. The first four factors have thus a steep value after which the slope flattens. Rotated Component Matrix drawframe The rotated component matrix shows all the manifest variables separate together in various classes which are called factors. They are called latent factors because they are the underlying variables which determine the dependent variable. Also the first factor and the manifest variables under it explain the dependent variable more than the second and third factor. As can be seen from the rotated compo nent matrix table below, eight manifest variables can be grouped under one factor. Another 5 variables under the second factor and so on.Each factor has been provided by a name. A list of the factors and the manifest variables involved is given below Factor 1 Features of car/sedan Warranty important Spare parts handiness Serviceability Engine life After sales value Additional features Mileage Performance feedback Factor 2 Social/Perceived Factors Investment source Superior functionality of premium cars Necessity Affordability reduces attractiveness Perceived as successful by colleagues when driving premium cars Factor 3 Prestige Factors Japanese cars of superior qualityStatus symbol Uniqueness Factor 4 Monetary Aspects Price on mind while buying Price is the deciding factor _ _Top of Mind Analysis drawframe The above chart shows the percentage distribution of the various car brands which were provided by the respondents when asked for four various car brands which came to their minds in the mid segment. A total of 45 different car brands were given as response by them consisting of vehicles in the low, mid and the high segments. The most cock-a-hoop brands were selected and the data concerning them was analyzed.It can be clearly inferred that Honda City enjoys a very good share of the respondents top of the mind with a share of about 27%. Maruti SX4 comes next with a share of 14% followed by Ford Fiesta at 11%. When asked about the first brand which comes to their minds, again Honda City was the clear winner by a large margin with about 37 respondents providing the brand name. Jaccard Analysis Jaccard analysis is used in market research to relieve oneself which attributes of a brand are important to the customers and the extent to which each of the attributes satisfies their expectations.Jaccard analysis is primarily done to find out the variables in ordinance of their importance for their ability to govern groupability or similarity with the dependent variable. In our marketing research, we have used Jaccard tally to identify the attributes which are important for the brand category using five brands, namely, Honda City, Ford Fiesta, Hyundai Verna, Fiat Linea and Suzuki SX4. These attributes will constitute the primary drivers of the brand. We calculate the Jaccard score as follows The respondents are asked about their brand preferences in the category and their responses are noted down.Then they are asked if they associate a particular attribute with each of the brands under study and their responses are again noted down as follows YY If the respondent prefers a brand and associates with a particular positioning. YN If the respondent prefers a brand but does not associate with a particular positioning. NY If the respondent doesnt prefer a brand but associates with a particular positioning. Jaccard Score = YY / (YY+YN+NY) We calculated the Jaccard score for each of the attributes and ranked the attributes from highest to lowest in descending order of the rafts.That promoter in Jaccard analysis, higher the Jaccard score, better is the attribute. After they are ranked, the attributes with scores above a benchmark score are listed. These attributes are named Primary Drivers. The table given below gives the primary drivers for the brand category of Honda City Based on a cut-off of 0. 4, we find that the following attributes are the primary drivers in the brand category concerned Exterior/Interior Looks Comfort Affordable Price Power SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is done to find the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a particular brand with respect to other brands in the same category. When studied along with the help of Jaccard analysis, it becomes a powerful tool to identify the areas of strengths and weaknesses. In SWOT analysis, strengths and weaknesses are internal to the organization while opportunities and threats are external to the organization. A positive SWOT score indicates strength and a negative SWOT score indicates a weakness. It is also observed that the SWOT analysis works on the principal of zero-sum game.A gain on an attribute of a brand is even up by a loss in another attribute. SWOT scores are calculated as follows SWOT SCORE = (Brand property score Attribute Average) (Brand Average Grand Average). Here, Attributes average is average of all brands scores for that particular attribute (Row Average) Average of Brands scores on all attributes being considered (Column Average) Grand average of scores (Average of row averages/column averages) The following table is generated for the SWOT scores of different attributes and brands We have categorised the scores on the basis of the above table.As shown, the attributes with a SWOT score of more than 2 are identified as strengths and are shown in ominous green colour. Attributes with SWOT score between 0 and 2 are weaknesses and coloured red, those between 0 and -2 are threats and coloured yellow. Lastly those attributes with SWOT scores less than -2 are labelled as weakness of the concerned brand and coloured red. Now we focus on the brand under question the Honda City. The attributes of the brand based on SWOT scores can be summarised as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the table given below Honda City STOCHASTIC ANLYSISWhen we are public lecture about the strength of a brand there are few parameters using which we judge the strength of the brand based on the share it has like Share of Market This measures the hold of the brand of the market. The problem with this kind of analysis is that it tells the strength of the brand today it reflects no projections and possibilities for future. Share of Mind and Heart is the one that highlights the prospects of the brand in the coming future. It tries to capture what the consumer thinks and believes of a particular brand and thus helps us to determine the prospects of the brand in future based on present perceptions.Whi le conducting the market research for Honda City we have resorted to stochastic share analysis, to see the strength of the brand Honda City relatively to other brands in terms of share of mind The analysis has two parts Preferred set size of the brand Stochastic share of the brand Preferred set size analysis This part of the analysis hovers to procure the data regarding the preference of the brands in the market. It is the simple process in which the respondent has been asked for preference for the brand from the given choices. Respondents response for each brand is treated as a unit for each brand he can prefer more than one brand.All the brands for which the respondents has respondent in affirmative get allocated a unit i. e. if the respondent says he is aware of Honda City and Fiat Linea, both of them will be appended to the column of Honda City and Fiat Linea. In the end summation of the response is taken and the preferred set size is calculated. Of a brand = Total no of respon dents that has a preference for that brand Following table has been extracted from our analysis OBSERVATIONThe preferred set size for all the brands lies between 1. 38 and 2. 41. Honda City has the value of 1. 38 which essentially means people are pretty clear when it comes to Honda City than any other brand. In fact the total data exhibits far lower preferred set size. If see the preferred set size of the other sedans, we can see that they are pretty well distributed which means preference of a particular brand are clearly visible. Inference The ideal score for any preferred set size is 1 which means this is the only brand preferred by the respondent.This sends a very strong message that there is no close competitor to the given brand, when we are talking in terms of preference set of consumer. For the given analysis we observe that some of the sedans have a preference set greater than 2 and some have a score significantly less than 2. The scores which are less than 2 are a good si gnal because the customer has more clarity and Honda City enjoys higher preference as compared to its competitors. Stochastic Share AnalysisThis is the second part of the analysis here we approach the core of the analysis. winning data from the preferred set size analysis we proceed to calculate the stochastic share of the brand The number of respondents that have responded in affirmative for any brand represents the set, which can become the buyer of the brand hence they represent the future market share for the brand and todays share of mind this is calculated as No of respondents who responded in affirmative for the brand preference __ Total set size of the respondents consideredNow this is the market share of the brand but as we have analyzed before the brand is preferred alongside other brands as well so this share of the mind includes the respondents who prefer other brand as well. Thus to get the actual % representation of a brand in the market we calculate Proportionate mar ket share = % of market calculated earlier - This is now the actual share of the brands but this is not the actual share of mind of the brands that is represented by the share of the brand among he brands considered for study. Proportionate share of the brand Stochastic Share = - ? Proportionate share of all the brands in the consideration set Following is the table from our analysis reflectivity There has been a conformance in the data pattern from that noted in the Preference set analysis. Honda City has the least preferred set size, and has the stochastic share of 56. 40% where as the other sedans have stochastic share between 8% and 17%. InferenceThis reiterates the fact of the preferred set size analysis where Honda City had the lowest preference set score, thus Honda City could be a leading brand in the market. This analysis emphasizes that Honda City is the brand with the highest share of mind of all consumer. This would or already has translated into highest market share in the segment of sedans, as people are all for this brand when its up against the other considered brand. Unparallel attributes that are highlighted by the brand Honda Aggressive marketing effort, which has left a lasting impression on the respondents Precaution in adaptation of analysisThe analysis has been done based on the respondents and following points have to be kept in mind The analysis has been drawn on the basis of the respondent set thus depending on the response for the sample set the analysis is done. The competitor set size has been defined with deliberate efforts but the share output could vary with the competitor set. Conclusion Honda City definitely enjoys a good top of mind share in the mid segment cars. So, it shows it is enjoying a good position in the sedan segment.But the pricing is obviously becoming a deciding factor in a small city like Bhubaneswar. Most of the people are willing to spend around 5-7 lakhs on Honda City and not more than that. The most importa nt factors that people look for while purchasing a car are features present in the car, prestige issue linked with the purchase, factors like after sales service, availability of spares, etc and of course monetary factors. Comfort, looks, status symbol and maintenance are the strengths of Honda City. But there are other things like after sales service where Maruti SX4 is the leader.It is also lagging behind competitors like Hyundai Verna, Ford Fiesta, and Maruti SX4 in areas like power, mileage and additional features that people expect to be present in a sedan. Honda has got a high stochastic share which means that it has a large potential market. People want to go for it but are not doing so right off due to some factors. So, Honda should try improving on its weaknesses and keep its strengths intact. It should also be alert for new threats in the market. This can lead Honda to be the market leader in the Sedan segment.

Parental Involvement in the School Setting

As the diverseness of the United States naturalise system continues to turn, the pedagogues of today argon increasingly strained to supply the best instruction possible for every kid. Regardless(prenominal) of the physical assets or funding a indoctrinate may hire, native resources dwell the pargonnts of the pupils. But with the altering demographics of pupils households and more feverish agendas, is the room female p arnt ( or father ) step forwardlook many instructors might hold vivid in today s society?In peculiar countries of the state, it is more common to recover stay-at-home female call downs or male parents, or parents with limber impart agendas, due to greater richness. It is typic all toldy this type of single that we associate with room female parents ( or male parents ) who are facilitateing in the schoolroom. While all socioeconomic groups stand to profit from parental conflict in the schools, Lam ( 2002 ) acknowledges that parent meshing helps provide pu pils with the attending and resources they lack from school. Schools with less money, so, should profit about from the bodily process of parents in the schoolroom. When instructors in urban or rural schoolrooms lack books or stuffs, parents fundament come to the deliverance by going involved at school.Schools that are going more racially diverse can harvest great benefits from parental engagement. cumulation et Al. ( 2004 ) set up that parent engagement in efficiency members tie in positively to achievement for African American pupils. For urban, low-income pupils in the Head Start plan, engagement of parents in the schools helped expose behavior behaviours, hyperactivity, and a deficiency of attending. This is funnily reliable when engagement in the school accompanies educational support at place. ( Fantuzzo, McWayne, and Perry 2004 )The issue that arises is that many parents in the communities in take aim do non hold the efficiency to assist in the traditional sense. For illustration, parents in an underprivileged country may be working multiple occupations to prolong their households, and it is non an option to pass an hr a workweek with his or her pupil s schoolroom. Or immigrant parents may experience unable to assist because they do non talk the linguistic communication used in the school. And perhaps the parents are ashamed or so their ain distributor point of academic attainment and their inability to assist their kids with school assignment.A 2004 survey by Hill et Al. found that parent engagement in school from 7th through 11th class helped diminish behavioural jobs, which in bend related to exertion and aspirations. However, this was plainly the instance for parents with higher educational degrees themselves. For the lower parental instruction group, the lone facet schoolroom engagement helped was with aspirations. One ground for this consequence may be a cyclical procedure identified in a survey by Englund et Al. ( 2004 ) Parents who themselves are knowing will supply better style to their kids prior to schooling. This educational support early in life correlatives with a higher IQ, and a higher Intelligence quotient additions parent outlooks for their kid and parent engagement in the schoolroom. Contradictory grounds exists every bit good, saying that parents instruction degrees do non impact their engagement in schools, because instruction may be a hostile factor with employment, clip, or other variables.An illustration of how the typical parental engagement strategy of some instructors does nt work is evidenced in Martinez and Valazquez s 2000 condition on Latino migratory workers. They write that instructors typically hold the outlook that parent engagement in their kids s instruction should go most around patch kids for school, coming to school-sponsored events, and making activities the instructor petitions. However, the life fortunes of many Hispanic migrator workers prevent them from carry th roughing this function. When these persons lack clip, eloquence in English, and educational attainment, they strike they are unable to run into teacher outlooks. It is non that they are unwilling it is that they are incapable given their state of affairs.Evidence shows that acquiring parents involved in their kids s schools can merely take to positive consequences, but many parents in our multicultural society are unable to mirror the typical involved parent project many instructors hold as a criterion. Influences of employment can impede the clip available for assisting in the schoolroom, and embarrassment about educational degree or linguistic communication proficiency deter those who would otherwise be able to be active in the schoolroom. An essay by Cotton and Wickelund ( 1989 ) points out that parents from take backgrounds can do a difference and experience worthwhile in the schoolroom if given proper preparation and encouragement by the school governing body and instruc tor.While pedagogues learn how to better turn to the demands of pupils in the diverse schoolroom, the demands and desires of parents should be considered a cardinal factor in the success of these kids. To better the engagement of parents in schools, instructors should believe outside of the typical meetings and chaperoning field trip roles that merely certain parents can afford to carry through. An article in Parents magazine describes options such(prenominal) as keeping a school web page or staffing a prep hotline. Parents who pronounce non-English linguistic communications could assist pass on assignments with pupils who speak the same linguistic communication. Teachers can videotape or telecast meetings and events so people who are non free during the school twenty-four hours can see them at a clip more convenient for them.Addressing the demands of the household and community as a whole is another manner to promote engagement by a diverse population, as advocated in an Education World online article. Making a household centre at the school to promote communicating allows parents to tour of duty by the school at their convenience. Family needs can be assessed to supply for greater attention for the household unit and community. For illustration, if a household needs societal military service referrals or improved entree to healthcare, the school can move as a affair to guarantee that these basic demands are met. Children can memorize better in schools when they are healthy and supported, and trust between the parents and the school can be established when households know the kids are being cared for even beyond the school twenty-four hours. Finally, leting parents and households to take part in the ways in which they feel comfy can do being involved a less scare undertaking.Teachers and decision makers understand that making a supportive educational environment for their pupils is the first measure toward academic success. While it is hard to command o n the nose how the parent-child interaction occurs outside of the schoolroom, research shows that acquiring parents involved in the schoolroom can assist kids of all backgrounds reach their educational ends. However, there is a demand for vicissitude in the eyes of pedagogues as to what defines parental engagement. As our communities evolve and become progressively diverse, it is indispensable to be cognizant of the reserves parents may hold about being active in school. Thus it is the school s duty to measure the demands of the community and the accomplishments parents can supply, and so supply parents with the flexibleness, adjustments, and encouragement incumbent to admit all parents in the educational system.Parental Involvement In The School SettingAs the diverseness of the United States school system continues to turn, the pedagogues of today are progressively strained to supply the best instruction possible for every kid. Regardless of the physical assets or funding a s chool may hold, indispensable resources remain the parents of the pupils. But with the altering demographics of pupils households and more feverish agendas, is the room female parent ( or father ) outlook many instructors might hold realistic in today s society?In peculiar countries of the state, it is more common to see stay-at-home female parents or male parents, or parents with flexible work agendas, due to greater richness. It is typically this type of single that we associate with room female parents ( or male parents ) who are assisting in the schoolroom. While all socioeconomic groups stand to profit from parental engagement in the schools, Lam ( 2002 ) acknowledges that parent engagement helps provide pupils with the attending and resources they lack from school. Schools with less money, so, should profit most from the activity of parents in the schoolroom. When instructors in urban or rural schoolrooms lack books or stuffs, parents can come to the deliverance by going in volved at school.Schools that are going more racially diverse can harvest great benefits from parental engagement. Hill et Al. ( 2004 ) found that parent engagement in faculty members related positively to achievement for African American pupils. For urban, low-income pupils in the Head Start plan, engagement of parents in the schools helped better behavior behaviours, hyperactivity, and a deficiency of attending. This is peculiarly true when engagement in the school accompanies educational support at place. ( Fantuzzo, McWayne, and Perry 2004 )The issue that arises is that many parents in the communities in demand do non hold the ability to assist in the traditional sense. For illustration, parents in an underprivileged country may be working multiple occupations to prolong their households, and it is non an option to pass an hr a hebdomad with his or her pupil s schoolroom. Or immigrant parents may experience unable to assist because they do non talk the linguistic communication u sed in the school. And possibly the parents are ashamed about their ain degree of academic attainment and their inability to assist their kids with school assignment.A 2004 survey by Hill et Al. found that parent engagement in school from 7th through 11th class helped diminish behavioural jobs, which in bend related to accomplishment and aspirations. However, this was merely the instance for parents with higher educational degrees themselves. For the lower parental instruction group, the lone facet schoolroom engagement helped was with aspirations. One ground for this consequence may be a cyclical procedure identified in a survey by Englund et Al. ( 2004 ) Parents who themselves are knowing will supply better direction to their kids prior to schooling. This educational support early in life correlatives with a higher IQ, and a higher Intelligence quotient additions parent outlooks for their kid and parent engagement in the schoolroom. Contradictory grounds exists every bit good, say ing that parents instruction degrees do non impact their engagement in schools, because instruction may be a contradictory factor with employment, clip, or other variables.An illustration of how the typical parental engagement strategy of some instructors does nt work is evidenced in Martinez and Valazquez s 2000 article on Latino migratory workers. They write that instructors typically hold the outlook that parent engagement in their kids s instruction should go around around fixing kids for school, coming to school-sponsored events, and making activities the instructor petitions. However, the life fortunes of many Hispanic migrator workers prevent them from carry throughing this function. When these persons lack clip, eloquence in English, and educational attainment, they find they are unable to run into teacher outlooks. It is non that they are unwilling it is that they are incapable given their state of affairs.Evidence shows that acquiring parents involved in their kids s sch ools can merely take to positive consequences, but many parents in our multicultural society are unable to mirror the typical involved parent image many instructors hold as a criterion. Influences of employment can impede the clip available for assisting in the schoolroom, and embarrassment about educational degree or linguistic communication proficiency deter those who would otherwise be able to be active in the schoolroom. An essay by Cotton and Wickelund ( 1989 ) points out that parents from deprived backgrounds can do a difference and experience worthwhile in the schoolroom if given proper preparation and encouragement by the school disposal and instructor.While pedagogues learn how to better turn to the demands of pupils in the diverse schoolroom, the demands and desires of parents should be considered a cardinal factor in the success of these kids. To better the engagement of parents in schools, instructors should believe outside of the typical meetings and chaperoning field trip roles that merely certain parents can afford to carry through. An article in Parents magazine describes options such as keeping a school web page or staffing a prep hotline. Parents who speak non-English linguistic communications could assist pass on assignments with pupils who speak the same linguistic communication. Teachers can videotape or telecast meetings and events so people who are non free during the school twenty-four hours can see them at a clip more convenient for them.Addressing the demands of the household and community as a whole is another manner to promote engagement by a diverse population, as advocated in an Education World online article. Making a household centre at the school to promote communicating allows parents to halt by the school at their convenience. Family needs can be assessed to supply for greater attention for the household unit and community. For illustration, if a household needs societal service referrals or improved entree to healthcare, t he school can move as a affair to guarantee that these basic demands are met. Children can larn better in schools when they are healthy and supported, and trust between the parents and the school can be established when households know the kids are being cared for even beyond the school twenty-four hours. Finally, leting parents and households to take part in the ways in which they feel comfy can do being involved a less intimidating undertaking.Teachers and decision makers understand that making a supportive educational environment for their pupils is the first measure toward academic success. While it is hard to command precisely how the parent-child interaction occurs outside of the schoolroom, research shows that acquiring parents involved in the schoolroom can assist kids of all backgrounds reach their educational ends. However, there is a demand for alteration in the eyes of pedagogues as to what defines parental engagement. As our communities evolve and become progressively diverse, it is indispensable to be cognizant of the reserves parents may hold about being active in school. Thus it is the school s duty to measure the demands of the community and the accomplishments parents can supply, and so supply parents with the flexibleness, adjustments, and encouragement necessary to include all parents in the educational system.

Major Differences Between Classical Athens and Han China

Major Differences Between Hellenic A accordinglys and Han China Classical Athens and the Han Dynasty In China were cardinal of the most famous and successful archaean clvlllzatlons. Even though they were In different geographical regions and existed In different centuries, they were both suitable to bewilder there civilizations relevant in different ways. The disagree custodyts in these civilizations include size/ universe and geographically where the civilization was, their politics, and their different ways of life.Size/population and geography were big differences between Classical Athens and the Han Dynasty in China. Where all(prenominal) civilization was located is one of the many major differences between the Han Dynasty and Classical Athens. According to account A, the Han Dynasty is shown to be near the Pacific Ocean on the some other side of Asia, putting the civilization basically in isolation.On the other hand, although Athens Is near the Eurasian Steppes near th e Aegean and Mediterranean Sea which would allow make trading with other countries Ilke Persia and Egypt easier because the Mediterranean Sea was a great trading ground during the times of Classical Athens. Size as well Is a big difference because Athens Is a city In the area of Attica hile The Han Dynasty is a little bit small than the current size of China today. Population were in addition two other big differences between the Han Dynasty in China and Classical Athens.According to Document B and Document C, the ratio of people living in Athens Compared to the Han Dynasty was largely in the Han Dynastys favor. Classical Athens population in the year 432 BCE was composed of about 50,000 free male citizens, 50,000 free male non-citizens (citizens under the age of 18 and residents without Athenian parentage), 100,000 free females and 115,000 slaves for a broad(a) of about 315,000 people. The Han Dynasty on the other hand was roughly 200 times the size of Classical Athens populati on wise.There were an estimated 1,000 emperors and appointed officials, 130,000 educated bureaucrats, 1 landed aristocracy, 58,500,000 peasant farmers and some skilled urban workers, 50,000 merchants, and 5,000,000 unskilled workers, street artist and household slaves for a grand total of roughly 65,000,000 people. Although these numbers can not be the accurate actual populations of both civilizations, these documents give a basic understanding as to how big from each one civilization was.These numbers concerning the wo civilizations show how different population wise each civilization was with Classical Athens looking relatively small compared to the Han Dynasty. The governments of both The Han Dynasty and Classical Athens were also different. Classical Athens had a pop type of government sequence The Han Dynasty had a monarchical/central type of government. Many citizens in Classical Athens viewed democracy as a the role model for other countries and a causality for future gov ernments.Indeed, Athens democracy did set a precedent for many democracies today because there are many glaring slmllarltles between Classical Athens democracy and a current democracy today such as the united States of Amerlca. Slmllarltles Include tne Atnenlan AssemDly ana todays current electlons on laws and future leaders because both are using a congresswoman type of government (Document E).According to Pericles in Document D, Classical Athens government was the best form of government because the administration of the government is in the hands of all the people, very unlike the Han Dynastys government which, because of the Mandate of Heaven, unploughed the government of the Han Dynasty in the hands of the oyal family passing down the dynasty from generation to generation in the Han family (Document F).The Han Dynastys governments main focus was expanding the powers of bureaucracy which would play a very frigid role in the amount of territory controlled by the dynasty. The e mperors of the dynasty would also appoint officials to be in charge of each part of his territory in the piss of the emperor. The appointed officials would act very much like an emperor to the section of the territory they were assigned (Document G). This is very different from Classical Athens because ClassicalAthens had a representative type of democracy where they would have a representative represent their point of view on a issue where as in the Han Dynasty, all decisions and issues were obstinate by either the officials of the sections approved by the emperor of the emperor himself. In Classical Athens, according to Pericles in Document H, a good citizen of Athens moldiness be well informed on general politics because it is for the well being of Athens since every citizen is involved in the deciding of issues, laws, etc.That would not be the case in the Han Dynasty because hatever the emperor says goes and the citizens can only follow the law. Document I talks about the time after the Athenians lost their war with Sparta and their democratic government was destroyed. Instead their government transformed into a type of monarchy where their main focus was on the enemies inside and outside of Athens that would try to overthrow them.This is important because of the way Classical Athens had converted to a kind of monarchy that was similar to the Han Dynasty with the fact that is was a type of monarchy but still different because in the Han Dynasty if you were able to pass the test to become a government official, you could be a part of the government whereas during this time in Classical Athens, there was group of men and only those men who controlled the government. Confucius in Document J talks about how any person who is doing good to others can have influence upon the government which would also mean they are a part of the government.This is very much Confucius was of interpreting representation in the Han Dynastys government, difference from Classical Athens because Athens emocracy directly lets citizens have a say in the government while the Han Dynasty indirectly lets their citizens have a say in the government. An additional document of an average citizen living in both Classical Athens and the Han Dynasty would create a greater understanding and another point of view on both how effective and successful each government was.Both governments were able to lead to the relative success of each civilization, however both governments ways of making their civilization successful in different ways. Living in two different parts of the world, Classical Athens way of life is completely ifferent from the Han Dynastys way of life. According to Document L, The Han Dynasty was a very isolated and kept to themselves while Document K shows the Greek culture of the Ancient Olympics which was the gathering of Greeks to celeorate, very mucn OITTerent Trom tne cnlnese culture 0T Isolation.Also In tne Han Dynasty the child was the lesser between the parent and the child. Filial faith is the child showing respect to the parents while working for them, showing that the elders are to a greater extent important that the child in the Han Dynastys way of life (Document P). The heory that the parent is more important than the child is also shown in Document O in which Wan Can explains an event where he saw a woman let go of her child in the weeds and the woman walk away, basically condemning the baby to a death sentence.The note beneath the document also gives more evidence to this idea, stating that in order to limit family size, abandonment and infanticide were accepted means in the Han Dynasty and usually occurred on the third day of the infants life where the parents would then decide whether to let the infant live or die. Although his also occurred in Classical Athens, many people, including Socrates, do not agree with this practice (Document M).

Cross Cultural Group Presentation Essay

What is definitive about Germany?Germany is an industry leader in argonas such as automobiles and healthcare, to name a few. With globalization and reducing trade boundaries Germany has in fact become a trade partner for many Indian firms. Thus perceptiveness business etiquettes, culture and protocol pass on supplement international businessmen and enhance cross cultural negotiation.The Rational GermanBased on explore honourings, Germanys geographical location and history have had a substantial effect on its culture and hence on the way that Germans negotiate. Some diachronic events helps us understand more about Germany, its people and the effects on negotiationsPre- nuclear fusion EraBefore Charles V formed Prussia, Germany was largely comprised of small princely states (similar to India) in conflict with each other(a) over resources. This brought upon the Germans a constant state of uncertainty and continuous battle. This however similarly do the Germans tough and seas w izd negotiators.Unification & PrussiaThis era was also responsible to deviseing many traits of the German culture which are insightful for deriving value out of a negotiation. With the formation of Prussia came sparing stability, growth and social structure. Germans favorred the certainty of an economically stable state and developed a keen sense of hierarchy. As the German state began to develop so did the socio-political structure. Germans thus over the years formed very bureaucratic agencies of governance through methodical planning and reason.World WarsBoth the world wars left(a) Germany crippled. However, Hitlers action made certain that Germany would have to heavily rely on diplomatic relations before considering the use military force. It also made Germans develop a sense of fairness when dealing with people from other cultural backgrounds.Points to PonderNow that we understand where German people come from, we specify its essential to shed some light on the salient fe atures of the culture and how they impact a negotiationBusiness RelationshipGermans traditionally view in building trust over a distributor point of time. This is usually an outcome of dependability, analytical thinking and intellect. Germans, unlike Indians, enter negotiations with a sense of trust. This is important from an Indian point of view as ability to generate and maximize value from a negotiation takes place over a long period of time. Interestingly enough trying to establish rapport in a hurried manner whitethorn arouse suspicion from a German counterpart. pull one built, goes a long way in a business relationship, as Germans tend to be wary of uncertainty. Hence it is important to think strategically in long term and develop a mutually beneficial relationship from the stolon.One of the easiest ways to establish credibility with a German during a negotiation is to rely on a third party who has already established a level of trust and dependence on the German side. Dis playing berth on the subject matter at hand, by professional qualifications get out let the negotiating party earn respect in the eyes of their German counterparts, thus providing an upper hand will negotiating. Even though Germans are reserved and formal in nature, its possible to build long lasting relationships with them. A sure indicator of a relationship in the making is when a German decides to tell you embarrassing stories about himself.However its best non to repeat the stories to others as Germans tend to very proud people and can get hurt very easily. They also might expect you to be evenly candid once the relationship has been built. During negotiations Germans tend to bowl over more air time to the person who they think is technically sound in that matter. Hence its a good deal a great idea to have your degrees printed out on the visiting card in order to establish a sense of say-so when negotiating with them. Also Germans have a grounded belief that the workers i n their country are get out than the most the world and its best not to challenge this assumption.Business conversationAlthough German is the official language of the country most of the business people speak British English. Most of the younger generation is well travelled and is tranquil in business conversation. It is advisable to talk in short, complete sentences and in a obtuse firm voice to keep any negotiation without bring in confusion. Germans tend to very sway in their communications and sometimes this can be misunderstood as being rude. Being very direct Germans dislike vague statements and diplomacy during any formal business discussions including negotiations. In fact too much diplomacy is likely to confuse a German. They will ask explanations, but is it possible that a German will walk out of a negotiation if the deal is unacceptable and/ or against company policy.It is also possible that a blunt NO can come your way, without substantial explanations. Germans tend to use luggage compartment language very sparingly. Excessive use of body language may confuse your German counterpart. This can be an obstacle, especially during group negotiations as it will be difficult to judge the direction of the negotiation. seventh cranial nerve expression although limited can act as an indicator to judge if the proposal you have put forth has been liked or disliked. Maintaining eye collision is very crucial when talking to any German and is considered as a sign of trust and sincerity. This eye contact can border on staring. The American OK sign, with thumb and index feel forming a circle, is an obscene gesture in Germany, as is putting the thumb between index and middle finger in a fist. These should be strictly avoided.Initial MeetingFollowing are some of the points which should be noted when starting a negotiation * Shall we start with business will be used often as a conversation starter and is not considered rude in the German context. * Meetings need to be scheduled at least a week in advance and should not be cancelled at a short notice * there has to be reasonable explanation given when arriving late for a meeting and this is taken very negatively. * Planning is crucial when negotiating with Germans as it is very probable that they will be well prepared in any negotiation.Negotiating with GermansStyle and Attitude of NegotiatingUnlike Indians, Germans believe in arriving at a win-win proposition. They tend to start negotiating respecting the other party and with a sense of trust, which they expect to be reciprocated. Interestingly, except for dispute resolution, any form a negotiation for a German is a occasion problem solving activity rather and they expect both the parties to be involved equally in arriving at the solution. Many a times, a German would concentrate on dwelling over the technical aspects of a solution before entering the negotiation. Although co-operative in nature Germans may be unwilling to agree com pletely unless this is their only option. While negotiating it is advisable to avoid open confrontation but remain calm, friendly and persistent.In case of a dispute resolution, one might try to find common ground by providing logical arguments based on info. Since many German negotiators will be thorough in their planning and data collection before the negotiation, it is sensible to have the same level of preparedness when youre the opposite party. Many a times, during the negotiation a German might want to have additional data about certain aspects of the negotiation, which will help them analyze the solution better. Refusing to provide that data may reflect as lack of trust.Germans would prefer if data sharing was open and transparent and would not hesitate to reciprocate in the same manner. Germans are slow negotiators. The meticulous planning and data collection done before hand results in a very rigid and structured negotiation approach. Thus Germans would prefer going into s equential negotiating debating each singular point, rather than packaging certain issues. This compartmentalized approach can be detrimental towards value maximization. Hence Germans find it difficult to negotiate with people from the south asia and middle east. At such times it is advisable to clearly state which objectives are linked and interdependent.Bargainingtraditionally Germans do not like the idea of bargaining and consider negotiation as a necessary evil. Business people do not give drastic concessions in this country so when if the bargaining stage in the negotiation is long drawn the variance in the final price would be not very far away from the original price. Even though German people may not agree, they tend to be aggressive during negotiations. These outcomes are more likely to be based on negotiation strategy developed during planning the negotiation. Threats, warnings and walkouts may be occasionally used. In this case its better to open with an offer which is al ready a part of your estimated ZOPA. Extreme offers can upset a German. Germans many a times employ defensive attitude tactics such as blocking, asking probing or direct questions, or keeping a rigid position. Opening with written offers and introducing written equipment casualty and conditions may be effective as this will allow for proper preparation and could help shorten the bargaining process.Germans will likely find both benefits desirable. Corruption and bribery are very rare in Germany. It is strongly advisable to stay away from giving gifts of significant value or making offers that could be read as bribery. With Germans one must be careful when using pressure tactics such as applying time pressure, making expiring offers, or nibbling. Germans may consider these inappropriate unless they are strongly interested in your offer and clearly understand the logic behind the approach. Otherwise, while the negotiation is not necessarily over, it may become less constructive.Decisi on MakingGermans tend to respect hierarchy because it helps maintain an element of control, not because they believe that bosses are better managers. So more than often when a German states that a decision during a negotiation is not within his authority, it would help to provide him with more data and information to get the approval from his immediate superiors. Decision making is a well planned and executed process in Germany and hence takes substantial add up of time. Patience is required to see the decision through and once made is very unlikely to change.Agreements and ContractsBoth agreements and contracts in Germany tend to be legally cover unless stated otherwise. It is always advisable to consult a legal advisor before signing any contract to understand its process. These contracts (once signed) are usually secure and considered binding. Once signed any amendment to the agreement or contract can be meet with serious opposition. Surprisingly German love for punctuality is often not extended towards contract drafting as they would prefer to have everything in writing.References* http//books.google.co.in/books?id=0b6DChPi0UUC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=why+are+germans+logical+?&source=bl&ots=UAyhMKCScy&sig=3Nxe8sfCspiubwZel99itdZ3QxI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OZfUUK6bHY_rrQevl4CQDg&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCTgKv=onepage&q=why%20are%20germans%20logical%20%3F&f=false * http//www.german-business-etiquette.com/22-successful-negotiations.html

Somali Culture Lifestyle and How It Affects on Housemaids

CHAPTER ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the analyze Describes the prevailing problem situation at the global, national and local levels (broad perspectives to narrow perspectives). Explains what the study is solely ab place. Should aro make apply of the interest of the readers. Statement of the Problem The looker has to identify the detail problem existing inwardly the specific area of interest which his question lead seek to address. The affirmation should stand the questioner with consider qualified direction in pursuing the study. Purpose of the Study This refers to the general aim for wanting to carry out the study.The utilization should non be a reproduction of the title, but should be a summary avouchment of the reason why the study is being proposed. interrogation Objectives These are finer statements of what is to be accomplished, which emanate from the purpose of the study. They specify more directly what the look intoer is spill to do. While th e purpose is a general statement of the aim of the study, the objectives essential be specific. Should state properly and clearly the general and specific objectives that should jive with the research questions. Ide completely in ally, the research objectives should be measurable, attainable and feasible.Research Questions The research questions must be stated in question nervous strain and in a way that they are synchronised with the research objectives. Hypothesis The research hypothesis is a tentative explanation of the research problem. It is also a tentative answer to the research problem and squeeze out be an educated guess about the research outcome. Not all researches get a hypothesis, t presentfore, if the study is hypothesis free, an ASSUMPTION may take its place. The hypothesis must be stated where it is applicable. Ideally, the hypothesis fag be in null or alternative form. Scope This specifies the boundaries of the research.The geographical scope defines the lo cation or site of the study. The theoretical scope defines the issues to be cover the content scope defines the factors and variables to be considered. Signifi plentyce of the Study This provides the excuse of the study. It spells out who the probable beneficiaries of the study findings aptitude be (country, government, local community, agency, curriculum developers, researchers etc. ), and how they office benefit. It also shows how the research findings will contribute to general knowledge and what is its impact on development towards break up life .It should reflect on knowledge creation, as puff up as on techno transparent or socio-economic value to the community. Operational Definitions of Key Terms This gives the definitions of study terms as they are apply in the study. Key terms are ideally found in the research title, research cock and early(a)wise parts of the study where the terms need to be operationally defined in this section. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LIT ERATURE Introduction This gives a pithy introduction on the coverage of this chapter. Concepts, Ideas, Opinions From Authors/ ExpertsThis section deals with the outline of the literature joind to the subject of the study with the objective of seeing the concepts, ideas and opinions of scholars/experts. The analyze must be focus on the study variables by reviewing literature chthonic the sub-themes which synchronize with the research objectives or questions or hypothesis. It should show relationships identified by previous researchers. When the literature review is so structured it would be easy when discussing the researchers findings to relate and compare these findings with previous findings in the reviewed literature.The review should identify the gaps existing in literature and specify the ones that the research will focus on. Proper citations/end noting must also be reflected. Theoretical Perspectives This should discuss the theory to which the study is ground (one for e ach in qualified and dependent variable or combined). One or more theories may need to be discussed in this section if the topic is a healthful-researched area with divers(a) antecedents in the first place arriving at a theory or synthetic thinking of two or more theories that will serve as the pivot for the study.In some cases where few studies yield been undertaken, on that point may be no theories to drag out upon. In such a case, the conceptual framework shall be used. Related Studies This portion discusses past confirmable investigations similar to or related to the present study. CHAPTER one-third METHODOLOGY Research Design It is the strategy used in the study. A researcher should be able to identify and isolate the design most suspend for a study. It could be experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive survey, historical, ex post facto, action research, evaluation research, etc.A researcher should make the form or design of investigation explicit and provide a ju stification for the choice. He rump also indicate if the approach he is adopting is quantitative or qualitative or both. Research Population A population is the complete collection of all the elements that are of interest in a circumstance investigation. A stone pit population is the population to which the researcher last wants to generalize the results. This target population is the population from which the adjudicate will be drawn. The result can scoop be generalized to the accessible population.They can, at propagation be generalized to the target population also, if the two populations are very similar. The sample drawn from the target population become the research subjects (if they are dyspnoeal objects or animals) or the research respondents of the study (if they are humans/individuals who answers the research legal instrument administered). Relevant characteristics of the subjects or respondents must be stated as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria in sel ecting the subjects or respondents identified. Sample Size What coat of it of sample can represent the accessible population?The ideal size varies with the population size. There are laid down rules and tables to assist in determining the size of a representative sample. Researchers are to indicate the population size and the corresponding sample size and quote an authority that supports the sufficiency of the sample size. There are various formula used for sample size count depending on the research design. How the sample size is arrived at should be clearly stated. Sampling Procedure The sample should be a representation of the population. In other words most characteristics of the population should be represented in the selected sample.This calls for the use of a suitable sample distribution strategy. The procedure adopted should ensure that the selected sample represents the population. This should be clearly explained. Research Instrument There are varieties of research inst ruments or tools that can be used to collect data. Examples include the Questionnaire, Interview Guide, and Observations Checklist. The researcher require to indicate the research instrument(s) he intends to use. whether researcher devised/structured by the researcher or standardized research instrument.The basis for the options/content in a standardized or researcher devised instrument are the aspects discussed in the Review of Related Literature. The researcher should try not to develop his own questions or select a standardized instrument without each basis then. A researcher devised instrument can be pre- time-tested to 5-10 subjects or respondents not included in the true study to test its reliability and should also be tested for its validity. If a standardized instrument is to be adopted, the name of the author of the instrument and permission to use must be mentioned in this section.This is to avoid plagiarism and legal suits from the author of the instrument. Whether th e instrument is researcher devised or standardized the response modes, scoring and interpretation of lots need to be discussed in this part of the study. Validity and Reliability of the Instrument Data quality authorisation refers to validity and reliability of the instruments. Validity refers to the appropriateness of the instruments musical composition reliability refers to its consistency in measuring whatever it is intended to measure.The researcher needs to describe how he intends to establish the validity and reliability of the research instrument before using them. For purposes of triangulation more than one instrument can be used. Data Gathering Procedures In this part of the study, the collection of data step by step, before, during and after the administration of the research instrument should be described. Data Analysis This section presents how the data generated in the study are to be organized and analyzed. The proficiency to be used to analyze each group of data sh ould be specified.While thematic analysis can be employed for qualitative data, the use of such statistical techniques as chi-square, correlation, ANOVA etc. are appropriate for quantitative data. Spell out the particular statistical treatment/ technique and formula to use with reference to each research question or type of data set. Ethical Considerations This refers to the moral justification of the investigation. How do you ensure the safety, social and psychological well being of the soulfulness and/or community involved in your study?This may involve acquiring clearance from the ethical corpse/ethics citizens committee and consent of the respondent (Appendices II and III respectively). Limitations of the Study This considers potential sources of bias/ threats to the validity of the findings in the proposed study. whatever may limit the validity of the findings constitute limitations. However, they need not prevent the study from being carried out. The confession of the limi tations only serves to warn the reader of the amount of trustfulness to place in the findings. The researcher should mention in this study how the limitations were minimized/reduced.CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Start with narrative statements of the data in answer to the specific research questions then a graphic or tabular presentation of the data. Below the tables/graphs, discuss the meaning and practical implications of the findings with consideration on the results of similar studies. Include also the findings of other investigators both in agreement or disagreement with the findings of the study on hand. CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS Introduce this chapter and its coverage. FINDINGSClearly state in this portion the overall results in answer to the specific research questions. CONCLUSIONS This should state clearly the researchers stand on the research problem based on all evidences presented. The conclusion/s should be sound , and logical and answers any of these the main research problem, if the hypothesis is accepted or rejected or if the theory to which the study is based is proven or not. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Should be sound and logical based on the findings of the study. 2. Shortcomings of the study are addressed and constructive suggestions given for future research. . Two to tercet titles of related studies are suggested for the future researchers. REFERENCES This is the list of all works cited in the study. It should be written according to approved stage. For uniformity the approved format for KIU is the format of the latest edition of American Psychological connexion (APA) Publication Manual. Only cited authors in the study should be given in the reference section. All authors in the reference section should appear in the body of the study. Present the references in alphabetical order. Book on referencing available with the DVC, SPGSR. APPENDIX 1TRANSMITTAL LETTER Attached here is an legitim ate copy of the letter/ communication from the civilise of Postgraduate Studies and Research (SPGSR) through its Director stating the request for the candidate to be given consideration to deportment his/her study as specified. APPENDIX II headroom FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE A legitimate attachment is a clearance from the Ethics Committee for the purpose of ensuring the safety, social and psychological well being of the person and community involved in the study. whitethorn or may not be there depending on the nature of the study. APPENDIX III INFORMED CONSENTThis is an original copy of the form where the subjects/ respondents sign as proof of approval to be involved in the study. May or may not be there depending on the nature of the study. APPENDIX IV RESEARCH INSTRUMENT A copy of the research instrument must be attached . RESEARCHERS CURRICULUM VITAE To schedule the details of the researcher, his competency in writing a research and to recognize his efforts and qualifications, thi s part of the research announce is thus meant. The researchers bio-data is categorized as follows Personal write Educational Background Work Experience Other Relevant DataSomali Culture life-style and How It Affects on HousemaidsCHAPTER ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the Study Describes the prevailing problem situation at the global, national and local levels (broad perspectives to narrow perspectives). Explains what the study is all about. Should arouse the interest of the readers. Statement of the Problem The researcher has to identify the specific problem existing within the specific area of interest which his research will seek to address. The statement should provide the researcher with considerable direction in pursuing the study. Purpose of the Study This refers to the general aim for wanting to carry out the study.The purpose should not be a reproduction of the title, but should be a summary statement of the reason why the study is being proposed. Research Ob jectives These are finer statements of what is to be accomplished, which emanate from the purpose of the study. They specify more directly what the researcher is going to do. While the purpose is a general statement of the aim of the study, the objectives must be specific. Should state properly and clearly the general and specific objectives that should jive with the research questions. Ideally, the research objectives should be measurable, attainable and feasible.Research Questions The research questions must be stated in question form and in a way that they are synchronized with the research objectives. Hypothesis The research hypothesis is a tentative explanation of the research problem. It is also a tentative answer to the research problem and can be an educated guess about the research outcome. Not all researches need a hypothesis, therefore, if the study is hypothesis free, an ASSUMPTION may take its place. The hypothesis must be stated where it is applicable. Ideally, the hyp othesis can be in null or alternative form. Scope This specifies the boundaries of the research.The geographical scope defines the location or site of the study. The theoretical scope defines the issues to be covered the content scope defines the factors and variables to be considered. Significance of the Study This provides the justification of the study. It spells out who the probable beneficiaries of the study findings might be (country, government, local community, agency, curriculum developers, researchers etc. ), and how they might benefit. It also shows how the research findings will contribute to general knowledge and what is its impact on development towards better life .It should reflect on knowledge creation, as well as on technological or socio-economic value to the community. Operational Definitions of Key Terms This gives the definitions of major terms as they are used in the study. Key terms are ideally found in the research title, research instrument and other parts of the study where the terms need to be operationally defined in this section. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction This gives a short introduction on the coverage of this chapter. Concepts, Ideas, Opinions From Authors/ ExpertsThis section deals with the analysis of the literature related to the subject of the study with the objective of seeing the concepts, ideas and opinions of scholars/experts. The review must be focused on the study variables by reviewing literature under the sub-themes which synchronize with the research objectives or questions or hypothesis. It should show relationships identified by previous researchers. When the literature review is so structured it would be easy when discussing the researchers findings to relate and compare these findings with previous findings in the reviewed literature.The review should identify the gaps existing in literature and specify the ones that the research will focus on. Proper citations/end noting must also be reflected. Theoretical Perspectives This should discuss the theory to which the study is based (one for each independent and dependent variable or combined). One or more theories may need to be discussed in this section if the topic is a well-researched area with various antecedents before arriving at a theory or synthesis of two or more theories that will serve as the pivot for the study.In some cases where few studies have been undertaken, there may be no theories to draw upon. In such a case, the conceptual framework shall be used. Related Studies This portion discusses past empirical investigations similar to or related to the present study. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Research Design It is the strategy used in the study. A researcher should be able to identify and isolate the design most appropriate for a study. It could be experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive survey, historical, ex post facto, action research, evaluation research, etc.A researcher should make the form o r design of investigation explicit and provide a justification for the choice. He can also indicate if the approach he is adopting is quantitative or qualitative or both. Research Population A population is the complete collection of all the elements that are of interest in a particular investigation. A target population is the population to which the researcher ultimately wants to generalize the results. This target population is the population from which the sample will be drawn. The result can best be generalized to the accessible population.They can, at times be generalized to the target population also, if the two populations are very similar. The sample drawn from the target population become the research subjects (if they are inanimate objects or animals) or the research respondents of the study (if they are humans/individuals who answers the research instrument administered). Relevant characteristics of the subjects or respondents must be stated as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria in selecting the subjects or respondents identified. Sample Size What size of sample can represent the accessible population?The ideal size varies with the population size. There are laid down rules and tables to assist in determining the size of a representative sample. Researchers are to indicate the population size and the corresponding sample size and quote an authority that supports the sufficiency of the sample size. There are various formula used for sample size calculation depending on the research design. How the sample size is arrived at should be clearly stated. Sampling Procedure The sample should be a representation of the population. In other words most characteristics of the population should be represented in the selected sample.This calls for the use of a suitable sampling strategy. The procedure adopted should ensure that the selected sample represents the population. This should be clearly explained. Research Instrument There are varieties of re search instruments or tools that can be used to collect data. Examples include the Questionnaire, Interview Guide, and Observations Checklist. The researcher needs to indicate the research instrument(s) he intends to use. whether researcher devised/structured by the researcher or standardized research instrument.The basis for the options/content in a standardized or researcher devised instrument are the aspects discussed in the Review of Related Literature. The researcher should try not to develop his own questions or select a standardized instrument without any basis then. A researcher devised instrument can be pre- tested to 5-10 subjects or respondents not included in the actual study to test its reliability and should also be tested for its validity. If a standardized instrument is to be adopted, the name of the author of the instrument and permission to use must be mentioned in this section.This is to avoid plagiarism and legal suits from the author of the instrument. Whether t he instrument is researcher devised or standardized the response modes, scoring and interpretation of scores need to be discussed in this part of the study. Validity and Reliability of the Instrument Data quality control refers to validity and reliability of the instruments. Validity refers to the appropriateness of the instruments while reliability refers to its consistency in measuring whatever it is intended to measure.The researcher needs to describe how he intends to establish the validity and reliability of the research instrument before using them. For purposes of triangulation more than one instrument can be used. Data Gathering Procedures In this part of the study, the collection of data step by step, before, during and after the administration of the research instrument should be described. Data Analysis This section presents how the data generated in the study are to be organized and analyzed. The technique to be used to analyze each group of data should be specified.Whil e thematic analysis can be employed for qualitative data, the use of such statistical techniques as chi-square, correlation, ANOVA etc. are appropriate for quantitative data. Spell out the particular statistical treatment/ technique and formula to use with reference to each research question or type of data set. Ethical Considerations This refers to the moral justification of the investigation. How do you ensure the safety, social and psychological well being of the person and/or community involved in your study?This may involve getting clearance from the ethical body/ethics committee and consent of the respondent (Appendices II and III respectively). Limitations of the Study This considers potential sources of bias/ threats to the validity of the findings in the proposed study. Whatever may limit the validity of the findings constitute limitations. However, they need not prevent the study from being carried out. The confession of the limitations only serves to warn the reader of th e amount of trust to place in the findings. The researcher should mention in this study how the limitations were minimized/reduced.CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Start with narrative statements of the data in answer to the specific research questions then a graphic or tabular presentation of the data. Below the tables/graphs, discuss the meaning and practical implications of the findings with consideration on the results of similar studies. Include also the findings of other investigators both in agreement or disagreement with the findings of the study on hand. CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS Introduce this chapter and its coverage. FINDINGSClearly state in this portion the overall results in answer to the specific research questions. CONCLUSIONS This should state clearly the researchers stand on the research problem based on all evidences presented. The conclusion/s should be sound, and logical and answers any of these the main rese arch problem, if the hypothesis is accepted or rejected or if the theory to which the study is based is proven or not. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Should be sound and logical based on the findings of the study. 2. Shortcomings of the study are addressed and constructive suggestions given for future research. . Two to three titles of related studies are suggested for the future researchers. REFERENCES This is the list of all works cited in the study. It should be written according to approved format. For uniformity the approved format for KIU is the format of the latest edition of American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual. Only cited authors in the study should be given in the reference section. All authors in the reference section should appear in the body of the study. Present the references in alphabetical order. Book on referencing available with the DVC, SPGSR. APPENDIX 1TRANSMITTAL LETTER Attached here is an original copy of the letter/ communication from the School of Postgraduate Studies and Research (SPGSR) through its Director stating the request for the candidate to be given consideration to conduct his/her study as specified. APPENDIX II CLEARANCE FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE A legitimate attachment is a clearance from the Ethics Committee for the purpose of ensuring the safety, social and psychological well being of the person and community involved in the study. May or may not be there depending on the nature of the study. APPENDIX III INFORMED CONSENTThis is an original copy of the form where the subjects/ respondents sign as proof of approval to be involved in the study. May or may not be there depending on the nature of the study. APPENDIX IV RESEARCH INSTRUMENT A copy of the research instrument must be attached . RESEARCHERS CURRICULUM VITAE To document the details of the researcher, his competency in writing a research and to recognize his efforts and qualifications, this part of the research report is thus meant. The researchers bio-data i s categorized as follows Personal Profile Educational Background Work Experience Other Relevant Data